Tipical Psychi

About us

I am Muhammad Awais I am writing a mind blowing blog about philosophy of psychology , having describe what psychic order , disorder, proper functioning, provides regulate healthy life style with positive vibes; give happiness, mental peace and maintain honorary potential of life with self discovery.

OVERVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY

What is psychosis(neuroses):

Psychosis is a condition of the mind that affect a person’s ability to tell what is real and what is not. It can cause symptoms such delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, and inappropriate behavior or confused thinking.

Psychosis can be a symptom of many different mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and can also happen because of other factors, such as medical conditions, substance use, or trauma.

Psychosis is treatable with medication and other techniques.

Historical Preview of Psychology:

The term ‘Psychology’, literally means the science of soul. (Psyche-soul; logos=science). Formerly, psychology was a part of metaphysics, and dealt with the nature, origin, and destiny of the soul. It was called rational psychology. But modern psychology is empirical, it does not deal with problems relating to the soul but also deals with mental growth. At this modern age, it is called a science of experience and behavior.

Modern Psychology originated from 20th century, where cognitive science prevailed to studying the human mind. Now at this modern age wide understanding of the human mind is possible, and that such an understanding may be applied to other research domains such as Artificial Intelligence.

The main Schools of thought in psychology

The main schools of psychology are,

In the past, psychologists often identified themselves exclusively with one single school of thought. But today, they often draw on ideas and theories from different schools rather than holding to any singular perspective.

Structuralism is regarded as first school of thought in psychology. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Kitchener, regarded as major thinker of this school. The structuralisms used techniques such as introspection to analyze the inner processes of the human mind. The structuralisms school of thought played an important role in the development of experimental psychology.

Functionalism formed as a reaction to the theories of structuralism school of thought. William James a famous thinker of this school and influenced by his work. This approach concerned with mind’s functions and adaptations. Instead of focusing on the mental processes themselves, functionalist thinkers where interested in the role that these processes play their function.

Gestalt Psychology was a school of psychology based upon the idea that people experience things as unified wholes. This approach to psychology began in Germany and Austria during the late 19th century in response to the molecular approach of structuralism. Thinkers associated with the Gestalt school of thought included Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Kafka. According to Gestalt thinkers, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, For example, optical phenomena, such as visual illusions. The phenomenon suggests that a succession of images seen in rapid sequence are perceived as moving.

Behaviorism became a dominant school of thought during the 1950s. It was based upon the work of thinkers such as, John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. Behaviorism suggests that all behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal forces. They explain that learning behavior is responsive by particular environment. They frequently suggest psychotherapy and behavior modification programs.

Psychoanalysis is a school of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud. This school of thought emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.

Humanistic Psychology developed as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism. The development of this school of thought in psychology was heavily influenced by the work of humanistic thinkers such as, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Clark Moustaches. Humanistic Psychology apart from abnormal human behavior, emphasis on helping people achieves and fulfill their potential. Humanistic Psychology focused on become a fully functioning person, have free will towards achievements, and have a self- actualization. Humanistic Psychology is a most modern approach of psychology and quite popular today and has significantly influenced other areas of psychology including Positive Psychology.

Cognitive Psychology is the school of psychology that studies mental processes, including how people think, perceive, remember and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines such as neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics. Cognitive psychology emerged during the 1950s, partly as a response to behaviorism. Critics of behaviorism noted that it failed to account for how internal processes impact behavior.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy.  (CBT):

CBT was also heavily influenced by this psychological perspective. CBT is an approach to treatment to conduct emotional regulation.

Branches of psychology: These are the main branches of psychology,

Abnormal Psychology

Behavioral Psychology

Biological Psychology

Clinical Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

Community Psychology

Consumer Psychology

Counseling Psychology

Criminal Psychology

Political Psychology

Business Psychology

Media Psychology

Cross Cultural Psychology

Developmental Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Experimental Psychology

Forensic Psychology

Educational Psychology

Engineering Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology

Humanistic Psychology

Health Psychology

Personality Psychology

Military Psychology

Industrial Psychology

School Psychology

Psychoanalysis

Social Psychology

Sports Psychology

Positive Psychology

Importance of Psychology:

Psychology is the study of people’s behavior, performance, and mental operations. It also refers to the treatment of mental health. It also gives the solution to improve business, education, employment, and healthy relationships. Psychology is mostly concern about behavioral study in a particular environment.

Purpose of Psychology:

The basic purpose of psychology to improve mental health, happiness in lives, achieve the goals, and love in relationships, ultimately give solution of growing life with positive connectivity to people’s loved ones. Positive thinking also very big approach now a days to grow in life with positive changes and achievements.

Function of Stimulus by Psychology:

A stimulus is something that causes a reaction from the living being or human mind or body. Examples of stimuli in psychology include

The smell of a favorite food, which makes you feel hungry

A feather tickling your nose, which causes you to sneeze

The sight of a circle, which makes dogs salivate after being paired with the taste of meat.

An onion smell as you cut it, which makes your eyes water

A loud noise, which causes you to flinch, surprise, or attentive

Types of stimulus in psychology:

These are as,

External Stimulus:

A stimulus that comes from the outside environment, such as a sound, a smell, or a sight.

Internal Stimulus:

A stimulus that comes from within the body, such as hunger, thirst, sleep, pain, happiness.

Unconditioned Stimulus: a stimulus that naturally triggers an automatic response, such as touching a hot stove or seeing a wild animal in a public place.

Neutral Stimulus:

A stimulus that does not trigger any response by itself, such as a bell or a light.

Nature VS Nurture in Psychology:

Nature VS Nurture in Psychology: The nature vs. nurture debate in psychology concerns with individual’s innate qualities (nature) verses personal experiences (nurture).

Nature is what we think of as pre-writing and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors.

Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception, e.g., the experience of exposure, and learning on an individual.

The nature-nurture approach in psychology  contribute to make a human behavior, such as personality, cognitive traits, temperament and psychopathology. Different schools of thought also elaborate about as this regard, these explain as,

Biological Approach: Focus on genetic, hormonal, and neurochemical explanations of behavior.

Psychoanalysis:

Innate drives of sex and aggression (nature). Social upbringing during childhood (nurture).

Cognitive Psychology: Innate mental structure such as schemes, perception and constantly changed by the environment.

Humanism:

Maslow emphasized basic physical needs. Society influences a person’s behavior.

Behaviorism: All behavior is learned from the environment through conditioning.

It is stated that nature-nurture model give us information to shaping , learning, and developing our behavior with changing developments at present time.

Difference b/w Psychiatrist and Psychologist:

 Psychologists provide care for emotional and behavioral issues, they do not provide medical care while psychiatrist do.

How do Psychiatrists help:

A Psychiatrist is a medical doctor  who has completed medical school and psychiatry residency program.

Some have completed additional specialized training (such as in child and adolescent mental health, substance use disorders, geriatric psychiatry, or forensic psychiatry).

They are licensed in the state where they practice, and may also board certified.

They monitor medications, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedatives, hypnotics. Mood stabilizers, and stimulants.

In addition to prescribing medications, psychiatrists can use various forms of psychotherapy, psychosocial interventions and other treatments.

Psychiatrists work in a variety of settings, including private practices, clinics, nursing homes, military settings, rehabilitation programs,etc.

Psychiatrists diagnose mental health disorders using criteria established in the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth Edition (DSM-5).

Psychiatrists treat their patients through bio-neurochemical perspective.

How do Psychologists and Therapist perform their function: A Psychologist has a doctoral degree in clinical or counseling psychology (e.g., Ph.D., Psy.D.) and is licensed and certified in their state.

A therapist or counselor has a master’s degree (M.S., M.A) and supervised training in a mental health related field like psychology (LCPC) or social work (LCSW), and has earned state licensure.

How do psychologists or therapist do their function:

Psychologists are trained to evaluate a person’s mental health using counseling, clinical interviews, psychological evaluations and testing and may prescribe medication in some cases.

They may have training in specialized forms of therapy ( such as clinical psychology, school psychology, marriage psychology and family therapy, or alcohol and drug abuse counseling).

Psychotherapy can be done individually, as a couple, with a family, or in a group.

Some specific forms of therapy include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) and other behavioral therapy interventions.

They work in their own private practice or a group practice, schools, hospitals, prisons, community health and mental health clinics, nursing homes, long-term care centers, etc.

Your primary care physician (PCP) can help you determine which mental health professional is right for you.

Psychological Disorders & Their Treatment

Psychological disorders and their Treatment: Psychological disorders are mental health conditions that affect a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. They can be treated with various methods depending on the type and severity of the disorder. Some common treatments for psychological disorders are psychotherapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and support groups. The following is a list of mental disorders as defined by the Diagnostic and statistical Manual of mental Disorders (DSM) and the International classification of Diseases (ICD).

The DSM is the American Psychiatric Association’s standard reference for Psychiatry, which includes over 450 different definitions of mental dis orders. The ICD published by the World Health Organization is the international standard system for classifying all medical diseases. It also includes a section on mental and behavioral disorders. The diagnostic criteria and information in the DSM and ICD are revised and updated with each new version. The Psychological disorders are also called mental illness. They can affect your thinking, emotions, and behavior, or often affecting you’re your relationships and day to-day functioning. These conditions may be temporary or lifelong.

Everybody feels anxious from time to time, and anxiety is a natural part of life. But people with anxiety disorders experience persistent anxiety that often gets in the way of their day-to-day functioning. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), anxiety disorders are the most common type of neurodevelopmental condition, affecting nearly 30% of adults at some point in their lives. Although anyone can have an anxiety disorder, they’re more common among women than men.

Depressive, bipolar, and other mood disorders: Mood disorders include:

Depressive disorders such as major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, and major depressive disorder with seasonal patterns, also known as seasonal affective disorder.

Bipolar disorders

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which involves severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms, especially symptoms relating to mood.

The symptoms can include:

Depressive symptoms, such as persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or apathy

Mania symptoms, which occur during manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and include periods of high energy, elation, and restlessness.

Treatment:

Mood disorders are primarily treated through talk therapy. They can also be treated with medications—such as, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. Alternatively they are treated by therapies, such as, electroconvulsive therapy, light therapy, and psychedelic-assisted therapy may also help.

Schizophrenia and other psychoses:

Schizophrenia, an often misunderstood condition, affects less than 1% of the U.S. population. It’s a chronic psychiatric disorder that involves distortions of reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations.

The early symptoms of schizophrenia can include:

Isolating oneself from friends and family

Changing friends or social groups

A change in focus and concentration

Difficulty sleeping

Irritability and agitation

Difficulties with schoolwork, or poor academic performance

Anxiety

Vague suspiciousness

Feeling different from others

Symptoms of advanced schizophrenia can include:

Hallucinations, which are when someone hears, sees, or feels things that are not there

Delusions, which are intense, false beliefs, such as believing others are conspiring to harm them

Treatment: Although there’s no cure for schizophrenia, it can be treated. Antipsychotic medication is the most common tre

  Common treatment for schizophrenia. It can help manage hallucinations and delusions.

Psychosocial intervention, which can include individual therapy, family therapy, and social skills training, may also help.

Psychosis

Psychosis is also a symptom of schizophrenia, but people can also have psychosis without schizophrenia. In some cases, it can be a temporary condition where you have delusions and hallucination. The

Symptoms of psychosis may include:

Delusions

Hallucinations

Disorganized behavior, which can seem impulsive or nonsensical to others.

Catatonia, which is where someone appears “frozen”

Sudden lack of interest in things that usually matter to them

An expressionless face or a flat tone of voice, making them appear emotionless

An ungroom appearance

The treatment in the case of psychosis is rapid tranquilization, or injected with a substance that will relax or sedate them. They may also prescribed antipsychotic medications to help manage hallucinations and delusions. Individual talk therapy, group therapy, and family therapy may also help.

Trauma- and stress-related disorders:

The two common trauma- and stress related disorders are obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The APA estimates that 2% to 3% of people in the United States have OCD.

OCD is characterized by:

Obsessions, which are repetitive, unwanted thoughts that won’t go away

Compulsions, which are behaviors or rituals they feel urged to do in order to relieve the obsessive thoughts.

Treatment:

OCD can be treated and managed with talk therapy. A type of therapy called exposure and response prevention is considered the gold standard for treating OCD, but other kinds of therapy may also be used. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to assist with OCD symptoms.

The symptoms of PTSD can include:

Avoiding people or things that remind you of the event

Depression

Difficulty thinking about the events

Difficulty remembering parts of the events

Distorted feelings of guilt, worry, or blame

Feeling anxious or “on edge”

Flashbacks

Nightmares

Panic attack

Reduced interest in activities you once enjoyed

Startling easily

Treatment:

PTSD is often treated through talk therapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy or exposure therapy. In some cases, group therapy can be helpful. A mental health professional may also prescribe antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, or sleep medication to assist with the symptoms of PTSD.

Personality disorders:

People with personality disorders may have way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviates from the expectations of the culture in such a way that it causes distress and makes it difficult for them to function healthily.

In order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, the long term patterns of behavior and inner

Experiences affect at least two of the following:

How you think about yourself and others

How you respond emotionally

How you relate to other people

How you control your behavior

The 10 personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) are:

Antisocial personality disorder

Avoidant personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder

Dependent personality disorder

Histrionic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Paranoid personality disorder

Schizoid personality disorder

Schizotypal personality disorder

Treatment:

Personality disorders are usually treated with talk therapy and, when necessary, medication. Certain medications can help improve the symptoms of Personality disorders, such as low mood, anxiety, or impulsivity.

Sleep disorders:

Sleep disorders can affect your sleep pattern, which means you may sleep significantly more or significantly less. Certain sleep disorders involve unusual behavior while asleep, such as sleepwalking.

Types of sleep disorders include:

Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder

Insomnia

Narcolepsy

Nightmare disorder

Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal, which includes sleepwalking and night terrors

Parasomnia

 Sleep behavior disorder

Restless legs syndrome

Sleep apnea

Treatment:

Sleep disorders may be treated with:

Proper sleep habits

Relaxation techniques

Medications, such as sleep aids

Talk therapy

Often, a general practitioner can be your first point of contact when getting help for a sleep disorder. In some cases, you may also consulted from sleep specialist, psychiatrist, or therapist.

Eating disorder:

 Eating disorders affect your behaviors and thoughts around eating and food. According to the APA, eating disorders may affect up to 5% of the U.S. population. Common types of eating disorders include:

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, which can involve extreme picky eating to the point of being unable to meet your nutritional needs.

Anorexia nervosa, which may be further categorized into a restricting type or a binge eating/purging type

Bulimia nervosa, which involves alternating dieting with binge eating

Binge eating disorder, which includes episodes of binge eating and, later, a sense of guilt and distress about the binge behavior.

Pica, which involves eating things that are food with no nutritional value.

Rumination disorder, which involves repeatedly regurgitation swallowed food and either re-chewing and re-swallowing food or spitting it out

Treatment: Treatment for eating disorders may include talk therapy, which can include individual, family, or group therapy. In some cases, medications can be used to help with accompanying symptoms.

Nutritional counseling can help people with eating disorders learn healthy nutrition and eating habits.

Substance use disorder:

Substance use disorders involves the compulsive use of substances. These substances may be legal or illegal. The APA categorizes substance use disorder as a brain disease.

Treatment:

Substance use disorders are treatable. Usually, the first step is detoxification, which involves stopping (or gradually stopping) your use of the substance. During this phase, the withdrawal symptoms are treated. Further treatments, such as individual and group counseling, can help encourage long-term abstinence from the substance.

Medications can also help with recovery—for example, if you experience heroin addiction, a clinician may prescribe a medication called methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone to help soothe withdrawal symptoms. Treatment for substance use disorder can be provided in outpatient facilities or inpatient residential recovery programs (such as a rehabilitation program).

At the end, I would like to write here, the famous quotation of Henry Link, that” there is no discovery of modern psychology, except is to forget ourselves in the service of others.”